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Human Health Risk Characterization of Petroleum Coke Calcining Facility Emissions by Davinderjit Singh A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy with concentration in Toxicology and Risk Assessment Department of Environmental Occupational Health College of Public Health
Calcined petroleum coke (CPC) is created from green petroleum coke (GPC), a byproduct of refining crude oil. While CPC can be created using a number of processes including rotary kiln, hearth and vertical shaft technologies the hightemperature conversion from green coke to calcined coke alters the material in key three ways:
See also cement kiln emissions. Kiln fuels. Used tires being fed midkiln to a pair of long kilns. Fuels that have been used for primary firing include coal, petroleum coke, heavy fuel oil, natural gas, landfill offgas and oil refinery flare gas. Because ... Nitrogen oxides (NO x
A pyroscrubber is a device used in the petroleum coke calcining industry to oxidize the carbonaceous contents, including hydrocarbon volatiles of the exhaust gas from the calcination kiln, so as to recover energy to produce electricity and leave no more than small traces of unburned volatiles, solid carbon, ash, or emission (, CO, NO x, and SO x) in the flue gas discharged.
B. Calcined petroleum coke . Calcined petroleum coke (CPC) is the product from . calcining. petroleum coke. This coke is the product of the . Coker unit in a crude oil refinery. The calcined petroleum coke is used to make anodes for the aluminum, steel and titanium smelting industry. Calcined petroleum coke is shown in figure 2.
The main function of a pyroscrubber in petroleum coke calcining process is to oxidize the carbonaceous contents, including hydrocarbon volatiles, of the exhaust gas from the calcination kiln, so as to leave no more than small traces of unburned volatiles, solid carbon, ashes, or emissions ( CO, NOx and SOx) in the flue gas finally discharged.
Dec 20, 2014· The History and Future Challenges of Calcined Petroleum Coke Production and Use in Aluminum Smelting. ... This was followed in 1935 by the development of the rotary kiln calcining process, which is the most commonly used technology in the Western world. ... Early calcining of petroleum coke used both electric and gas fired vertical calciners, 2 ...
Petroleum Coke Calcining Rotary Kiln Petroleum coke calcining rotary kiln uses the volatile component emitted in the roast process of the petroleum coke Active Lime . Inquiry; Lime Rotary Kiln Great Wall. Lime rotary kiln is the main equipment of lime production line It is widely used for many industries like metallurgy chemical industry.
How it works. Coke calcining plants can be located in oil refineries, captive plants in aluminum smelters or merchant plants. Rotary Kiln The petroleum green coke is fed into a refractory lined rotary kiln where the volatiles are driven off during the calcining process in an oxygen deficient atmosphere.
914203 Petroleum Coke Calcining: The thermal processing of petroleum coke through a kiln. 914300 STANDARDS 914301 Emission Limit: The owner/operator of a petroleum coke calcining operation subject to this rule shall comply with all of the following: Effective January 1, 2019, operate all Petroleum Coke Calcining Kilns such that
A onedimensional mathematical model was developed for the simulation of petroleum coke calcination in rotary kilns. The model is comprised of 14 .
petroleum coke calcining plant in the town of Rodeo. The draft rule would apply generally to petroleum coke plants; however, Phillips 66 currently operates the only such plant within the jurisdiction of the Air District. This facility, commonly referred to as the "Carbon Plant," operates two rotary kilns in its calcining operation.
Cokecalcining plants receive green petroleum coke from oil refineries. The green coke is blended and fed into rotary kilns operating up to 2800°F under a reducing condition. The material exits the rotary kiln as calcined coke with a correct crystalline structure and electrical conductivity properties.
Burner optimization, control of NOx emissions of kiln burner Staged combustion in A TEC calciner system SNCR system NOx ABATEMENT To reduce the NOx emissions of thermal applications, two main routes can be used separately or combined. These are called primary and secondary methods. Primary NOx reduction Primary measures for NOx reduction set a ...
Calcined Petroleum Coke is a critical ingredient in the production of aluminum. It is created by placing high quality raw "green" petroleum coke into rotary kilns, where it is heated to temperatures between 1200 to 1350 degrees C (2192 to 2460 F).
The following documents and tables contain the EPA approved rules and regulations for the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) portion of the California State Implementation Plan (SIP).
is operating successfully on a petroleum coke calcining kiln. Acceptance tests and continuous data logging demonstrate sulfur dioxide removal efficiencies in excess of 90%, and participate emissions less than gr/acf. The system consists of a spray dryer, fabric filter and auxiliaries which are designed to process up to 205,000 acfm gas flow.
Nov 04, 2011· Control Measures for Industrial Sources in the LADCO Region By James E. Staudt, PhD ... Petroleum Coke Calcining Kilns Inventory and Control Measures ... emissions. Petroleum Refineries – The data shows that the largest sources for SO 2 emissions
Emissions Estimation Protocol for Petroleum Refineries Version 3 Table of Contents Table 74. Critical Inputs, Variables, and Chemical Properties Specific to OilWater Separators Air Emission .
A pyroscrubber is a furnace used in the petroleum coke calcining industry to recover energy from the carbonaceous contents, including char dust and hydrocarbon volatiles of the exhaust gas from the calcination kiln.
Petroleum coke calcining emissions. Process description. In the aluminium industry, petroleum coke is typically calcined in rotary kilns at high temperatures. After it has been crushed and screened, the calcined coke is usually stored until it is fed into mixers to produce anodes.
¾ SO2 emission depending on S content in coke ¾ NOx lower than rotary kiln as no incinerator ¾ CO2 emission 40 % lower than rotary kiln ¾ as often used by the Heat recuperation possible as steam, power generation or sea water desalination. Plant Lay out A 500''000 tpy plant requires a total surface of 240''000 m2. The 16 kilns are ...
M dust = Annual mass of petroleum coke dust removed from the process through the dust collection system of the coke calcining unit from facility records (metric ton petroleum coke dust/year). For coke calcining units that recycle the collected dust, the mass of coke dust removed from the process is the mass of coke dust collected less the mass ...
EMISSION FACTOR DOCUMENTATION FOR AP42 Section Coke Production 1. INTRODUCTION The document "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors" (AP42) has been published by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) since 1972. Supplements to AP42 have been routinely published to add new emission source categories and to update
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